摘 要：基層政权的运作逻辑及治理能力直接型塑了乡村治理样态及发展走向，需就其历史脉络及现实问题进行分析。晚近以来在现代民族国家叙事替代王朝国家传统的陵替过程中，寻求国家权力的空间在场及通过一定的宪制架构实现政治整合，是现代国家建构的必要努力之一，基层政权建设正是实现此种任务的重犁，国家通过组织嵌入及围绕组织运作的制度加持，实现了国家在乡村社会的空间再造及合法性叙事。但是这一实践过程始终面临着国家与社会、官治与民治、集权与分权、自上而下与自下而上等紧张关系与矛盾纠结，这也引起既有乡村治理理论上的分歧杂陈，“重建社会”与“回归国家”等声音不绝于耳。立基于历史考察形成的一般性结构原则与既有实践面临的二元悖论消解，边界厘定下权威的结构化建设应是选择，这需适切性、可及性的制度安排及耦合体系建设。对此应以互嵌共生共强为治理目标、以公共性为价值皈依、以权威的制度化建构为路径、以三治结合为运作方式、以能力和队伍建设为保障。循此，才能架构一个国家与社会良性互动的乡村治理体系。
关键词：乡村治理;基层政权;空间;回归国家;重建社会
中图分类号：C911
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-5099（2019）04-0096-10
National Spatial Reconstruction and Social Boundary：
The Construction of Grassroots Political Power in Rural Governance
GAO Chengjun1，2
（1.School of Law， Tsinghua University， Beijing， 100084， China;
2. School of Law， Gansu University of Political Science and Law Lanzhou， Gangsu， 730070， China）
Abstract：The operational logic and governance ability of the grassroots political power directly shape the rural governance and development orientation， and it is necessary to analyze its historical context and practical problems. In the recent process of replacing the dynasty’s national tradition with the narrative of the modern nation-state， the space for seeking state power and the political integration through a certain constitutional structure is one of the necessary efforts for the construction of a modern state， and the construction of grassroots political power is exactly the pillar. The state has achieved the space re-creation and legal narrative of the country in rural society through organizational embedding and system around the operation of the organization. However， this practice has always faced tensions and contradictions between the state and the society， the governance by the government and by the people， the centralization and decentralization， the top-down and the bottom-up， which also leads to the differences in the existing rural governance theory. The appeal to “rebuilding the society” and “returning to the country” keep lingering on. The general structural principle based on historical investigation and the dual paradox faced by existing practice are in disintegration; the authoritative structural construction under the boundary determination should be the choice， which requires appropriate and accessible institutional arrangements and coupling system construction. . In this regard， we should regard embedded symbiosis， common strength as the governance goal， publicity as the value， the authoritative institutionalization as the path， the combination of the three and the three as the mode of operation， and the ability and team building as the guarantee. In this way， a rural governance system in which the state and the society interact positively can be constructed.