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基于WRF的城市热岛效应高分辨率评估方法

入团申请书 时间:2023-07-09 19:50:07


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摘要:为解决城市总规尺度气候评估工具缺乏的问题,分析了不同气候评估方法的特点和应用范围,研究了气象学工具WRF在城市热岛效应评估中的应用方法及有效性。建立了针对城市总规尺度的高精度城市规划信息数据库、气象数据库生成WRF模拟边界的方法;明确了高精度城市热岛效应模拟所需的WRF物理方案。以沿海城市大连夏季典型晴朗高温天气为例,利用WRF模型进行了300 m的高分辨率模拟。结果表明,WRF可以较好地模拟出城市热岛效应的强度和时空变化;将模拟结果与气象站和现场观测值进行了对比,两者变化趋势一致,偏差在可接受的范围之内。

关键词:城市环境;高分辨率模拟;气候模型;热岛效应

中图分类号:TU119.4文献标志码:A文章编号:16744764(2017)01001307

收稿日期:20160421

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51308087、51278078)

作者简介:郭飞(1980),男,副教授,博士,主要从事建筑技术科学、城市气候研究,(Email)guofei@dlut.edu.cn。

Received:20160421

Foundation item:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51308087, 51278078)

Author brief:Guo Fei (1980),associate professor,PhD,main research interests:building technology and science,urban climate, (Email) guofei@dlut.edu.cn.Assessment method of urban heat island high resolution based on WRF

Guo Fei

(Architecture and Fine Art School, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, Liao Ning, P. R. China)

Abstract:Different climate assessment tools’ features and application scope were analyzed to solve the problem of lack of climate assessment tools in the urban master planning scale. The WRF model’s application method and validity was studied in urban heat island (UHI) evaluation. According to the demand of urban master planning scale, the method to generate WRF simulation boundary conditions with high resolution urban geographic and land cover data was established. The physics schemes for WRF high resolution simulation were also clarified. A typical summer hot weather day was taken as the research background in the coastal city of Dalian, the WRF model was used to simulate the UHI effect with the resolution of 300 meters. The results showed that WRF model could reproduce the intensity, temporal and spatial variation of UHI effect. The simulation results were compared with the data of weather station and the in situ observation, their change trend was found to be consistent and the deviation was within the acceptable range.

Keywords:urban environment, high resolution simulation, climate models, urban heat island

根據《国家新型城镇化规划(2014—2020)》,中国城市人口比例在2020年将达到60%[1]。城市人口和规模的扩张会带来不透水面积增加、人为热大量排放等问题,出现城市中心区的温度高于郊区的城市热岛现象[2]。在全球气候变暖的背景下,城市热岛效应会增加环境的热压力,导致高温天气的死亡率增加[34],也会引发夏季空调大量使用和电力需求上升,导致更多的污染物产生和各种其他健康威胁[56]。缓解城市热岛效应需要综合采取优化城市规划布局、促进通风、建设绿地和屋顶绿化、优化建筑形态、加强建筑节能等各类措施。但是由于城市热岛效应成因非常复杂,与风、热、湿、辐射等多种物理因素有关;既受大气候影响,也受局地地形、下垫面类型、城市和建筑形态的影响。目前,在城市宏观层面的科学评估工具十分缺乏,难以分析规划措施与城市热岛效应之间的定量关系。有鉴于此,许多研究者采用各种研究工具与城市规划相对接,研究了城市热岛的评估方法。代表性的有现场实测、卫星遥感影像反演、计算流体力学(CFD,Computational Fluid Dynamics)模型和气象学模型等。

推荐访问:热岛 高分辨率 效应 评估 方法

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